Process of Planning Class 12 BST Chapter 5 - 6 Steps in 1 Page | 6 Marks for Boards 2027
Process of Planning Kya Hai? (Simple Language Me) – Class 12 Business Studies
Planning management ka sabse important function hai. Simple words mein agar samjhein, toh Planning ka matlab hai – “Kaam karne se pehle sochna.”
Kisi bhi business mein manager ko pehle decide karna padta hai:
Kya karna hai?
Kaise karna hai?
Kab karna hai?
Kisne karna hai?
Kitna karna hai?
Aur desired result kaise achieve karna hai?
In sabhi questions ka answer pehle se decide karna hi Planning kehlata hai.
CBSE Class 12 Business Studies mein Planning ko management ka primary function maana gaya hai. Planning ke baad hi Organising, Staffing, Directing aur Controlling jaise management functions properly perform kiye ja sakte hain.
Agar planning clear nahi hogi, toh business ke resources ka proper use karna difficult ho sakta hai.
Planning ka Simple Example
Maan lo ek company decide karti hai ki uski sales next year 20% increase honi chahiye.
Ab company ko sirf target decide nahi karna hai. Usko ye bhi decide karna hoga:
Sales ka target kaise achieve hoga?
Advertisement kitna karna hai?
Kitne salespersons ki zarurat hogi?
Product ki price kya hogi?
Raw material ki requirement kitni hogi?
Competition ka kya effect hoga?
Yahi poora process Planning ka part hai.
Process of Planning ke 6 Steps
CBSE Class 12 Business Studies ke exam ke liye Process of Planning ke six steps bahut important hain.
Exam mein question aa sakta hai:
“Explain the steps involved in the process of planning.”
Isliye students ko six steps ka sequence properly yaad rakhna chahiye.
Easy Memory Trick:
S – D – I – E – S – I
Setting → Developing → Identifying → Evaluating → Selecting → Implementing & Follow-up
Ab har step ko simple example ke saath samajhte hain.
1. Setting Objectives – Lakshya Tay Karna
Planning process ka first step hai Setting Objectives.
Sabse pehle organisation ko decide karna hota hai ki usse achieve kya karna hai.
Objectives clear aur specific hone chahiye. Agar objective clear nahi hoga, toh employees ko bhi pata nahi chalega ki unhe kis direction mein kaam karna hai.
Example:
Ek company decide karti hai:
“Next financial year mein sales 20% increase karni hai.”
Ye company ka objective hai.
Iske baad company apni planning isi objective ko achieve karne ke according karegi.
Exam Point:
Setting objectives means determining in advance what is to be achieved.
2. Developing Premises – Future ka Andaza Lagana
Second step hai Developing Premises.
Future completely certain nahi hota. Business ko future mein kai uncertainties ka saamna karna pad sakta hai.
Isliye manager ko future ke baare mein kuch assumptions ya estimates banane padte hain. In assumptions ko planning premises kaha jata hai.
Manager ko sochna padta hai:
Demand badhegi ya kam hogi?
Competition kitna hoga?
Raw material ki price kya ho sakti hai?
Government policies mein kya changes ho sakte hain?
Market conditions kaisi rahengi?
Example:
Agar company sales increase karne ki planning kar rahi hai, toh manager assume kar sakta hai ki:
“Next year market demand badh sakti hai aur competition bhi increase ho sakta hai.”
In assumptions ko dhyan mein rakhkar plan banaya jayega.
Easy Line:
Premises = Future ke baare mein assumptions.
3. Identifying Alternative Courses of Action
Third step hai Identifying Alternative Courses of Action.
Ek objective ko achieve karne ke sirf ek hi tareeka nahi hota. Usually manager ke paas multiple alternatives hote hain.
Manager ko possible alternatives identify karne hote hain.
Example:
Company ka objective hai sales ko 20% increase karna.
Iske liye company ke paas different alternatives ho sakte hain:
Advertisement increase karna
Product price reduce karna
New markets mein enter karna
Online sales increase karna
Sales team expand karna
Ye sab possible courses of action hain.
Manager ko in sab alternatives ko identify karna hota hai.
Exam Point:
Identifying alternative courses of action means finding out different ways through which the objectives can be achieved.
4. Evaluating Alternative Courses of Action
Alternatives identify karne ke baad manager ko unka evaluation karna hota hai.
Har alternative ke kuch advantages aur disadvantages ho sakte hain.
Manager ko check karna hota hai:
Cost kitni hogi?
Expected return kitna hai?
Risk kitna hai?
Resources available hain ya nahi?
Company ke objectives ke according suitable hai ya nahi?
Example:
Company ke paas do options hain:
Option A: Advertisement par ₹10 lakh spend karna.
Option B: New salespersons hire karne par ₹8 lakh spend karna.
Manager dono options ko compare karega.
Agar advertisement se expected sales increase zyada hai, toh company us option ko consider kar sakti hai.
Easy Line:
Evaluation = Har alternative ke pros and cons ko compare karna.
5. Selecting an Alternative – Best Option Chunna
Evaluation ke baad manager ko available alternatives mein se sabse suitable alternative select karna hota hai.
Selection ka matlab ye nahi hai ki option hamesha perfect hoga.
Business decisions mein risk aur uncertainty ho sakti hai. Manager ko available information aur business objectives ke basis par suitable option choose karna hota hai.
Example:
Company ne evaluate kiya ki:
Advertisement se sales 20% increase hone ki possibility hai.
New salespersons se sales 12% increase hone ki possibility hai.
Agar advertisement company ke budget aur objectives ke according suitable hai, toh manager advertisement option select kar sakta hai.
Important:
Selecting an alternative is the real point of decision-making in planning.
6. Implementing the Plan and Follow-up Action
Planning ka last step hai Implementing the Plan and Follow-up Action.
Sirf plan bana lena enough nahi hai.
Plan ko practically action mein convert karna zaroori hai.
Employees ko responsibilities di jaati hain, resources arrange kiye jaate hain aur activities start ki jaati hain.
Lekin implementation ke baad bhi manager ka kaam khatam nahi hota.
Manager ko regularly check karna hota hai ki:
Plan according to schedule chal raha hai ya nahi?
Expected results mil rahe hain ya nahi?
Koi problem aa rahi hai ya nahi?
Kya corrective action ki zarurat hai?
Is checking ko Follow-up Action kaha jata hai.
Example:
Company ne online advertising start ki.
Ek month baad manager check karta hai ki advertisement se sales mein expected increase hua ya nahi.
Agar result expected nahi hai, toh company apni strategy mein changes kar sakti hai.
Process of Planning – One Look Revision
| Step | Simple Meaning |
|---|---|
| 1. Setting Objectives | Kya achieve karna hai? |
| 2. Developing Premises | Future ke assumptions banana |
| 3. Identifying Alternatives | Possible options dhoondhna |
| 4. Evaluating Alternatives | Options ke advantages, disadvantages aur feasibility check karna |
| 5. Selecting an Alternative | Suitable option choose karna |
| 6. Implementing & Follow-up | Plan ko action mein lana aur result check karna |
Easy Trick to Remember 6 Steps
Board exam ke time sequence yaad rakhne ke liye:
S – D – I – E – S – I
S = Setting Objectives
D = Developing Premises
I = Identifying Alternatives
E = Evaluating Alternatives
S = Selecting an Alternative
I = Implementing the Plan & Follow-up
Ek baar ye sequence yaad ho gaya, toh answer likhna easy ho jayega.
Board Exam Mein Answer Kaise Likhein?
Agar question aaye:
“Explain the steps involved in the process of planning.”
Toh answer ko proper headings ke saath likhein.
Answer Writing Format:
Introduction:
Planning means deciding in advance what is to be done, how it is to be done, when it is to be done and by whom it is to be done.
Then write:
Setting Objectives
Developing Premises
Identifying Alternative Courses of Action
Evaluating Alternative Courses of Action
Selecting an Alternative
Implementing the Plan and Follow-up Action
Har point ke neeche 2–3 lines of explanation likhein.
Agar time aur space allow kare, toh relevant example bhi add karein.
Common Mistakes Students Should Avoid
Mistake 1: Steps ka sequence galat likhna
Six steps ko correct order mein likhna important hai.
Mistake 2: Sirf headings likhna
Sirf six headings likhne ke bajay har heading ko properly explain karein.
Mistake 3: Planning ko sirf “future prediction” samajhna
Planning mein objectives, alternatives, evaluation, selection aur implementation bhi included hain.
Mistake 4: Follow-up ko ignore karna
Planning ka process implementation ke baad follow-up action ko bhi include karta hai.
Quick Revision in 30 Seconds
Planning = Pehle decide karo, phir action lo.
Six Steps:
1. Setting Objectives → Target kya hai?
2. Developing Premises → Future mein kya ho sakta hai?
3. Identifying Alternatives → Kitne options hain?
4. Evaluating Alternatives → Kaunsa option suitable hai?
5. Selecting an Alternative → Kaunsa option choose karna hai?
6. Implementing & Follow-up → Plan ko apply karo aur result check karo.
Important Question for CBSE Board Exam
Q. Explain the steps involved in the process of planning.
Answer:
The process of planning involves setting objectives, developing premises, identifying alternative courses of action, evaluating alternatives, selecting an alternative, and implementing the plan followed by follow-up action.
Students should explain each step with a suitable example for a complete answer.
Final Words for Students
Planning ko difficult chapter samajhne ki zarurat nahi hai. Bas ek simple sequence yaad rakho:
Target → Future Assumptions → Options → Evaluation → Selection → Action & Follow-up
Agar ye flow clear hai, toh Process of Planning ka question easily understand aur explain kiya ja sakta hai.
Exam Tip: Answers mein proper headings, simple explanations aur relevant examples use karo. Important keywords ko underline karna presentation ko better bana sakta hai.
Planning ko sirf definition ki tarah mat padho. Isse ek real-life process ki tarah samjho—pehle goal decide hota hai, phir future conditions ka estimate, options identify, comparison, suitable option selection aur finally implementation with follow-up.
Remember: Good planning gives direction to management and helps the organisation move towards its objectives.
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