CBSE Class 12 BST Chapter 1 Planning: 5 HOT Case Studies with Answers 2026-27

 

CBSE Class 12 BST Chapter 1 Planning: 5 HOT Case Studies with Answers 2026-27

Here are 5 most expected HOT Case Studies for Board Exam 2027 - 4 Marks Each.

CASE STUDY 1

Rahul is a manager in Infosys. He was given a target to produce 1000 laptops in a month. He estimated the manpower, machines and raw material required and planned the whole process. He divided the work among 10 workers. At the end of the month, he found he produced only 800 laptops. He compared actual with planned and found shortage of raw material was the reason.

Questions:
Q1. Which function of management is highlighted?
Q2. Which feature of planning is shown?
Q3. Which step of planning is "He compared actual with planned"?
Q4. Which limitation of planning is shown?

Solution:
1. Planning - Primary function
2. Futuristic
3. Follow-up action
4. Planning may not work in dynamic environment

CASE STUDY 2

A company wants to increase its sales by 20%. For this it sets a target. To achieve this target, the marketing manager prepares a detailed programme for advertisement for 1 year costing Rs 5 lakh. The company also has a policy that 10% discount will be given to regular customers.

Solution: 20% increase = Objective, Ad programme = Programme & Budget (5 lakh is Budget), 10% discount = Policy (Standing Plan)

CASE STUDY 3

Two friends Aman and Sumit started a business. Aman made a detailed plan of all activities - what to do, when to do, how to do and who will do. He set standards and then measured actual performance. Sumit did not make any plan and started work directly. At the end, Aman earned double profit than Sumit.

Solution: Importance of Planning - Provides direction, Reduces overlapping and wastage, Promotes innovative ideas, Facilitates decision making.

CASE STUDY 4

A company planned to launch a new smartphone in December 2025. It did full market research and planned everything. But in November 2025, Government banned import of chips and increased tax by 50%. So the plan failed and company suffered huge loss.

Solution: Limitation - Planning may not work in dynamic environment. External environment is uncontrollable. Planning does not guarantee success.

CASE STUDY 5 - Planning Process (HOT for 2027)

XYZ Ltd. wants to be the market leader in 3 years. For this, top management set a target of 30% market share. Then they identified various alternatives like adding new products, improving quality, reducing price, aggressive advertisement. They evaluated all alternatives and selected "improving quality and reducing price" as best. Then they made plan for purchase of new machines and hiring skilled workers.

Solution:
Steps: Setting objectives - 30% market share
Identifying alternative courses of action
Evaluating alternatives
Selecting an alternative
Implementing the plan